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The Marches of Neustria were two marches created in 861 by the Carolingian king of West Francia Charles the Bald that were ruled by officials appointed by the crown, known as wardens, prefects or margraves (or "marquis" in French). Originally, one March was created against the Bretons and one against the Norsemen, often called the Breton March and Norman March respectively. In 911, Robert I of France became margrave of both Marches and took the title ''demarchus''. His family, the later Capetians, ruled the whole of Neustria until 987, when Hugh Capet was elected king of the Franks. The subsidiary counts of Neustria had exceeded the margrave in power by that time and the peak of Viking and Breton raiding had passed. After the Capetian Miracle, no further margraves were appointed. ==Breton March== The original march of Brittany was created and militarized under the Merovingians in the late 7th or early 8th century. Although its exact extent is unknown and its boundaries do not coincide with the later Breton March; it included the Rennais and Nantais territories (French: ''pays''), and parts of the Vannetais and Maine. Administration centered in Le Mans and the territory eventually went by the name of ''ducatus Cenomannicus'' or Duchy of Maine. One of the most famous margraves ("''Britannici limitis praefectus''") was Roland, who died at the Battle of Roncesvalles in 778 and gave rise to a famous series of legends as exemplified in the eponymous ''Chanson de Roland''. The Carolingian king of the Franks, Charles the Bald, re-created the Breton March in 861 and appointed Robert the Strong margrave. In 863, Charles negotiated the Treaty of Entrammes with Salomon, King of Brittany whereby western Anjou was recognised as a part of Brittany and the lay abbacy of Saint-Aubin in Angers was granted to Salomon, who commended himself to Charles and paid tribute.〔Julia M. H. Smith (1992), ''Province and Empire: Brittany and the Carolingians'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), p.105.〕 Robert was killed fighting the Vikings in 866, revealing how the boundaries of the marches did not affect the raiders with which the marcher margraves had to deal nor prevent the two margraves from cooperating in each other's territories against the common enemies of the Franks. Hugh the Abbot succeeded to Robert's office and title. In 885, Charles the Fat succeeded to power in West Francia and after Hugh's death in 886, Charles gave the title to Robert the Strong's son, Odo. After Charles' death in 888, Odo became king of the Franks and appointed Robert I margrave of the Breton Marsh. Odo died in 898 and was succeeded as king by Charles the Simple who confirmed Robert's titles and possessions. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Marches of Neustria」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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